Fortuna Shoes Factory

The 40,000-sqft facility is located in Fortuna park, Kunia, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The company is prepareup as a 100% export point company. It will serve both the export and the ever-growing domestic market. Fortuna has already open(a) retail outlets with trendy designs in Gulshan, Gazipur, Badda, Dhanmondi, Raifles square, Rappa and Sylhet to sell shoes, Leather bags and accessories under its have got brand Fortuna. We have our our own leather tannery that can produce varies types of perspiration and support the mill. By October 2010, we will have our own knife set manufactory for the cutting section. By October 2010, we will open our last manufacturing factory with Chinese joint venture. We will have the first last factory in Bangladesh. Our Technicians will be from china. This will undertake timely model making and accurate shape of the shoe. Currently Bangladesh can make save wooden last or have to import plastic lasts from China and India which takes umteen days. By Oc tober 2010 we will have over 60 contrastive designs from Europe with a capacity to make 4000 outsoles every day.OUR PRODUCTS Shoes (Gents, Ladies, Kids), Bags (Laptop, Executive), Wallets, Belts, largess Items (Key Ring, Mobile Holder, Passport Holder, Card Holder, Diary Cover, Band, Cigerate Case, Lagguage Tag ) & Leather Accessories MANUFACTURING subject Fortuna has established a country of the art shoe manufacturing plant with a capacity to produce 6000 pairs of shoes per day currently. We also have a leather bag and crafts factory that can product about 300-500 bags and wallets a day within the same facility.We can use leather, canvas and different types of materials. PRODUCTION TEAM We have 7 Chinese technicians working at the factory for the production. We have a total of our factory manager Mr. Li has over 16 years of experience in shoe marketing. For from each one section we have a Chinese technician overlooking the production and to ensure quality. In total we have 7 and there are many more who are going to join us once the refinement is complete. SAMPLE ROOM & DESIGN We have our design team consisting of an American fashion designer and three Chinese pattern makers.With over 10 years of experience in design and pattern, we ensure accurate and good samples for both sampling making and production. We can offer our own accumulation or you can send us your designs, & patterns which we can make samples. MACHINERY each stage of the production of the leather goods are carried out using state of the art machines that have been brought from Span, Italy and China. In the following page, you will see a list of the machinery that we currently have and are bringing. Fortuna Shoes Ltd www. fortunabd. com

Remember the titans Essay

To create such a remarkable flash is exhausting. phone the Titans the admit that I have created is inspiring, exciting and watching it is an stick you wont forget. Created and produced in 2000 Remember the Titans has had much work, devotion and tenacity put into it. The film distributes many reasons of why it should be in the 2014 human rights Literature and Film festival. Remember the Titans has become such a rattling(a) piece of display, showing how black and white unite for the better. The reason why Remember the Titans is such a valuable film is because it shows that two races go off come in concert for the better to prosper and strive. This unique film shows that racial discrimination apprise be overcome.Remember the Titans shows prejudice, but then over again dont we all have a preconceived feeling of others? I believe we do. A key scene where prejudice is shown is when the players be about to go to cantonment at Gettysburg. Coach Boone has just arrived, he walks o ver to the coaches and gives them his play book. He is then approached and confronted by his Team original Gerry Bertier and police squad member Ray Budds. Gerry says to Coach Boone Im the just now all American you got. He tells Coach Boone that he mustiness stand-in half of the team for the white players.The Dialogue also says we dont need none of your mint in the defence line Gerry referring to your people is categorising the team players as black and labels them as the other. While Bertier is in a confrontation with Coach Boone an over the shoulder close up shot is used. This shot establishes tension by the sober facial expressions and later on a long shot shows hostile stance and posture. This scene shows how virulent and blunt prejudice is in Remember the Titans.Remember the Titans is more than a film about winning, it involves uniting the two black and white races so they come together and form a friendship, a bond a bid(p) no other this is why for camp the players we re taken to the battle of Gettysburg. During the camp coach Boone made the players take a 100 mile sound to the burial grounds of the fallen soldiers. Boone says I dont fear if you like each other right now, but you will esteem each other. And maybe I dont know, maybe well give a dash to play this game like men Thetechnique is the use of the communion and the interpretation of this quote means that no matter how much racial hate the players have for each other they must learn to look on each other and if they do they can win.Taking the players on battalion would have been the most important action for Coach Boone, because if they sleep, live, train and employment together like those soldiers they have to come together as one, comply each other and work as a team. This scene shows that Remember the Titans is more than just about winning and how friendship and trust must be formed for them to succeed.Remember the Titans is one of a kind, and one of a kinds argon unique its u niqueness can be seen in the behavior it teaches us to overcome racism. In the beginning of the film, the white and black members of the team hate each other. The white players of the team dont insufficiency to play with those black animals. The black players dont want to coalesce either necessarily because they dont trust your people to be honest. A scene where this is seen clearly is when Ray and Petey are labored to learn about each other in camp. The two players are sitting on opposite sides facing each other like adversaries. The camera angle technique is a mid-shot. Dividing them is a highway ravel between them up towards a big traditional door of Gettysburg College.This path represents the tradition of racism in America between blacks and whites all the way back to slave-ownership times that divides Alan and Petey in the present day. This camera shot is unite with a dialogue that is suspicious, personal and hurtful. The film remember the titans sends a nitty-gritty tha t a racism war has been fought for so many years and is mollify going, but these boys overcame racism and became one. Remember the Titans shows us how racial discrimination was overcame. It shows that it is come-at-able for any age or race to be united and that together you can overcome racial discrimination and be stronger, this is why this film is so important and it would be a great film to be shown at the 2014 human rights literature and film festival. To not show it in the festival would be an abomination. Remember the Titans presents a memorable message that can help us overcome racial discrimination and work towards creating a fair and equal society.

Rebellion and Social Norms Among Youth Essay

Young people have a tendency non to comply with any laws when its come to their wellbeing. Young people unendingly try to express their opinions and restrain from obeying their leaders which sometimes lead to a disaster result of their poor decisions in life. According to Gary Schwartz book, explain what happens in Sammys mind and what causes the reaction of endting his job at the end (Schwartz 55). Therefore, the let out of young people is rebellion against their loving norms is the central theme of the A&P john Updike account statement. At the runner of the story, Sammy is fully within his positioning in society as a whole (Saldana 95).Meaning that he is just an average teenager with an average job in a small town where every unmatched cognises each different. At that time, Sammy was a cashier at a supermarket named A&P in a small town north of Boston in 1961. There begins Sammys rebellion when the trinity of girls enter the supermarket with bathing suits on and b arefo ot. After the girls enter the Supermarket and walk in every department to look for the item they need. Lengel the manager of the supermarket approaches the girls and lectures them on what they are wearing on them inside of the supermarket.After the girls walk away, Sammy gets mad and decides to quit his job at this point. Sammy unleashes an impression identity style behavior against Lengel (Schwartz 35). Which think Sammy feels for the commencement time in his life that he has to let go his timidity and confront Lengel without thinking of his action to get Queenie upkeep. The way Lengel undresses the girls with his eye subscribe to Sammy sick to his stomach. That is what triggers Sammys anger to react as if he does non care of what happens to him. As long he receives Queenies attention, its enough for him.Today, young people wear any kind of habit that attract peoples attention. Sometimes the way they dress arsehole be very provocative. Even though Sammy is gloomy at the begi nning of the story, he begins to feel his happiness at the end only when not the way he has plan it would be for his action. Sammy has gone from being judgmental to a hero Fritz 2 and then he starts regretting his decisions (Saldana 96). He experiences a transformation he knows that life result be harder for him hereafter. That is why an grey-haired priest of Haiti said one must never act in conformity with society and should be willing to take risks.Meaning a wrong move at any time can make the society reject you. Social kinsfolk structures have a epochal role in this story and can be viewed as one of the norms that Sammy is rebelling against (Schwartz 45). Perhaps in Lengel mind, he thinks that they come from a low class family that does not teach them how to act in public. When Lengel makes it his business to reprimand Queenie and the other girls, she maintains her stubborn comportment and explains that she is here to pick up an item that her bugger off requests her to buy. In response to this, Lengel takes a step further by first repeating himself and then explains to the girls, We want you decently dressed when you come in here (Updike). According to Sammy, Lengel is a heart cold person, whose interpretation of the noble-minded person in this society God fearing, church people who know their place and not go against their will. It is at this point in the story that Queenie loses her bearing for the first time. Sammys response to this predicts that his decision to defy Lengel and the supermarket rules will be signified by his exposing his own shoulders, and that is precisely what occurs.Rebellion and social norms appear to have an impact among young people this day. Most of the time, they vantage point up for what they feel is right and neglect the consequences. Sammy was able to bring attention to him, but it did not work the way that he had planned it would be. The girls to the highest degree likely didnt even know that Sammy even quit his job. H e tried very hard to get Queenie to see him and accept him, but that didnt work either. That is why people can never commiserate with Sammys action because it results to an act of rebellion against his social norms.

Performance Appraisal – Running Over Town-Terry Popple, A Little Time- Beautiful South, and Sweet Georgia Brown- B.Bernie/M. Pinkard/K. Casey

The three enchantments I stand canvass are1. Running over Town-Terry Popple2. A Little Time- Beautiful South3. Sweet Georgia Brown- B.Bernie/M. Pinkard/K. CaseyI pitch decided to perform Running Over Town for my procedure charm. This c on the whole option is a country- oscillate. The main feature of this arrange is the changing sense modality of the song. The deck up fit out makes an impact with the considerably- placed fills and the divergent beats utilize. The fills apply paradidles and double strokes. The song has a good ABAC structure. The rehearse of a backtalk click and the bell of the cymbal adds to the feel of the flake and makes it stand out. When I performed this I added three stroke ruffs in the fills and adapted them to how I sight would voice best. This is what the composer tells you to do in the voice Using a drum kit, bass guitar, lead guitar and a keyboard gives the song a fairly thick food grain and a range of instruments. The dynamics util ize on the drum kit emphasise the main parts of the song, where the theme changes and where the song is developed.In this objet dart I think that the range of my instrument is fully explored because a descriptor of fills are used. Also, more than nonpareil voice is dissembleed. These voices are* the cymbal as well as hitting it norm all toldy the bell of the cymbal is used* the snare drum it is hit with the snare on and a run along click is in like manner played* the hi-hat it is played closed and open. in that locationfore the drum kit has been explored and contrasted unlike operates are produced.Three special playacting techniques are used in this piece. The first is the opening of the hi-hat which produces a splash sound which can non be made anywhere else on the kit. The aid is the contend of the bell of the cymbal which adds to the different sounds coming from the cymbals. Lastly the sass click is used which helps convey the conception and theme of the piece.Thi s piece is originally composed for the drum kit and has not been arranged for it.My instrument relates to the others in the ensemble by playing the verse and keeping the time. It adds to the texture of the piece and influences the whole sound when all the instruments play as one. It is vital to the piece as it would not sound decently with out it because some(prenominal)one motives to play the rhythm.The links between my action piece and the others that I have studied is that they all use b rim clicks throughout the song to enhance the sound of the piece. This is withal a performing technique that is required to give the desired effect while playing the piece. In my performance piece I also had to splash the hi-hat, use varied fills, play on the bell of a cymbal and add dynamics. every these are performance techniques that the composer has decided to use.The first 2 pieces use fixing eighth note grooves with a backbeat on 1 and 3. This is common of rock music. But the thir d piece is a flatus piece which uses an mod jazz groove which involves triplets, as all jazz grooves do.The expectation of the pieces affects the personal manner they are composed. If the audience was expecting a obtuse piece performed by an orchestra past the composer would have to change his or her ideas and add more instruments. For example, the composer might slow the piece down and replace the drum kit or guitar with a string section of the orchestra. The pieces would also be performed differently in that the performers may feel like playing the piece riotouser because the audience prefers physical music.All of my chosen pieces are notated in the aforementioned(prenominal) way solely not composed in the same way as they are all different agencys of music. The first piece is a country- rock piece so is played with a jerky guitar and has quite a fast tempo (allegro). Also it has a piano playing the main telephone line.The second piece is rock and sounds a lot like the first moreover it uses string instruments instead of the guitar and it also uses a keyboard to play the melody. Unlike the others the song has two singers. At the beginning it sounds like the first piece as it uses a keyboard, a rim click and a groove connatural to the drummer in the first piece.The third piece is a lot different as it is a different style of music. It is a jazz piece so the drummer uses a jazz groove which is played using triplets unlike the two other drummers. A keyboard is used in this piece alone is used in a different way to the others, and it doesnt play the melody all the way through. There is a double bass in this and a saxophone along with a keyboard and a drum kit.My proceedingWhen I performed my piece under exam conditions in front of the two music teachers I think that it went well, because when I played the grooves in the piece I played them smoothly and correctly. Also, when I performed I played confidently and made few mistakes although, to keep t he rhythm perfect I thought that I would have played better with the reenforcement track so I could hear when the rhythm changed by listening to the other instruments. I also think that I added the dynamics well and played at the right tempo. The fills that I added also fitted the piece and added extra to the overall sound of the piece.I think my performance was played as the composer retrieveed it to be played as I had played along with a backing track while practicing and this helped me to play the right sort of style. I also think that this was played in the same style and theme as the composer had intended.There were a few special features in my performance piece. There was a rim click which was used in a genuine groove which enhanced the piece as it suited the country style. on with this I played the bell of the ride cymbal. Another technique I used was splashing the hi-hat. This is when you take your foot off the hi-hat and play it with your hap as the hi-hat is being re leased. I think that I handled the difficult veto with ease as I decided to play a piece that I could handle instead of one that I would make mistakes in because it was too hard.I might have improved the piece by playing it with headphones to help me keep in time as I didnt have the backing track on and therefore I could have enhanced the sound because I would be playing with a better rhythm and style. Overall, I think I performed my piece well and gave a memorable and convincing performance, but there is room for improvement.Composition planMy piece of music brief is to compose a piece that shows the different uses of a rim click in three or more genres of music. I also hope to show that the drum kit has been explored in my physical composition and that it has been used to its full potential. I am going to use rim clicks in basic quarter, eighth and sixteenth note rock grooves shuffles Latin and jazz grooves. Along with the grooves I am going to add some fills. I am also hoping to add dynamics and texture to the piece as at the beginning it leave start with only one hand playing the kit and then increase to using all my limbs. I am going to use techniques that I have studied and liked.This brief relates to the pieces that I have studied as it uses a rim click which is what my three chosen pieces have in common. I am going to expand, develop and explore this technique in my composition. This is in all the three pieces I have studied but I specially liked it in the first piece (Running Over Town).I am going to use this technique in jazz and shuffle grooves which twain revolve around triplet feels. I have used the jazz grooves from the third piece but have made them simpler and added my own style to them. The rock grooves are played straight and do not need as much care as the other grooves. These I have taken from the second piece I have studied as I think that they are very affective. Also, the Latin bossa nova groove does the same thing. This is just s omething I want to add because I think that it will give the composition a wide range of genres.I intend to use a few special techniques in my composition which admit using ghost notes (which is when you play a note quieter than the others), a rim click, splashing the hi-hat and hitting the bell of the cymbal.Using these techniques would help me fulfil my composition brief as it would show how the drum kit is being used at its full potential.

O Brother, Where Art Thou vs. the Odyssey

Essay Time In a 5-paragraph essay, describe the similarities between The Odyssey by Homer and O Brother, Where Art Thou? You will use www. turnitin. com to get hold of these and to do your peer edits. Your essay should follow the following format paragraph 1 Introduction Paragraphs 2 4 Body Paragraphs Paragraph 5 Conclusion 12 point font Double-spaced It should be at least 500 words. It will be graded using the semblance on the back of this page. You must stick to the following due dates contact 23rd First draft due March 24 associate editing due March 26th Final draft dueIf you do not have a turnitin account, you need to sign up for ace at www. turnitin. com. The registration information you may need is on your Edmodo page. AISE incline Department Writing Rubric Name ________________________ Teacher Date Submitted ____________ backing of Work ___________________ Criteria Points 0-1 2-3 4-5 Ideas The paper has no clear sense of purpose or central theme. To extrac t meaning from the schoolbookbookual matter, the subscriber must make inferences establish on skand so forthy or missing details. The author is beginning to describe the topic, even though development is still basic or general.Support is essay but doesnt go far enough. Ideas may not be detailed or accurate. This paper is clear and focused. It holds the readers attention. germane(predicate) details enrich the central theme. The topic is narrow and manageable. Details decl ar the main ideas. ______ Organization The paternity lacks a clear sense of direction. Ideas, details, or events seem strung together in a loose or random fashion there is no identifiable internal structure. The organisational structure is strong enough to move the reader through the text without too much confusion. The paper has a recognizable introduction and conclusion.Transitions ar used but not effectively. The organization enhances and showcases the central idea or theme. The order, structure, or presentation of information is compelling and moves the reader through the text. ______ part The writer seems indifferent to the topic and the content. The writing lacks purpose and audience engagement. The writer seems sincere but not fully engaged or involved. The import is pleasant or even personable, but not compelling. The writer connects strongly with the audience in a way that is individual, compelling, and engaging.The writer crafts the writing with an sense and respect for the audience and the purpose of the writing. ______ Word Choice The writer demonstrates a limited vocabulary or has not searched for words to call for particular meaning. The language is functional, even if it lacks much energy. It is soft to figure out the writers meaning on a general level. Words convey the intended message in a precise, interesting, and natural way. The words be powerful and engaging. ______ Sentence Fluency The reader has to practice quite a bit in order to give this paper a charming interpretive reading.Sentences be choppy, incomplete, rambling or awkward. Most sentences follow the similar sentence pattern. Sentences get the job done in a quotidian fashion but tend to be more mechanical than fluid. Sentences are usually correct. Some sentence pattern variety is attempted. The writing has an easy flow, rhythm, and cadence. Sentences are well built with strong and varied structure. Creative and beguile connectives are used between sentences. ______ Conventions Errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization, usage, and grammar and/or paragraphing repeatedly turn away the reader and make the text difficult to read. The writer shows reasonable match over a limited range of standard writing conventions. Conventions are sometimes handled well and enhance readability at other times, errors are distracting and impair readability. The writer demonstrates a good grasp of standard writing conventions (spelling, punctuation, capitalization, gr ammar, usage, paragraphing) and uses conventions effectively to enhance readability. ______ Presentation(format, spacing, font size or consistency, title, page numbers, bullets, etc. The reader receives a garbled message due to problems relating to presentation of the text. Visuals do not support or illustrate the ideas in the text. The writers message is understandable because presentation is effective. An attempt is made to integrate visuals and the text although connections may be limited. The form and presentation of the text enhances the ability for the reader to understand and connect with the message. It is pleasing to the eye. There is effective integration of text and visuals. _______ Teacher Comments

The fourth amendment and the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine

The situation that involved Don and patrol ships officer Jones in dry land X is a good graphic symbol study in understanding the concepts involved in the fourth Amendment, particularly the precept of inhibition of severalize.In the analysis of the episode, one will see that the solely horror that Don has committed is driving with an expired license. And for this case, accede X has either right to punish him accordingly with a fine of $100 and 10 days in the county jail. However, it is also important that the fact that the constitution of State X has a clause identical to Amendment IV of the U.S.Constitution, the other evidence obtained by Police Officer Jones in his demote with Don batchnot be utilize as evidence against Don in whatever judicature by reason of the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine. This particular doctrine opines that either evidence obtained illicitly cannot be used in any court since this is in site violation of the suspects Fourth Amendment .Although Don did commit a violation of law in State X by driving with an expired license, this particular violation does not necessarily warrant a bodily search or still a search of the vehicle even with the consent of the suspect. In the case of Florida vs. Bostick, we have learned that in the context of investigatory stops and detentions, Police may stop you for any reason, but are not entitle to any information other than your identification nor may they detain you without clean suspicion. (Flex Your Rights, 2006)In this particular case, the Police Officer did not have any justifiable or probable cause to frisk Don because the latter(prenominal) was not an immediate or significant threat to the officer nor was in that respect any sign that Don carried any illegal weapon.Perhaps the only reasoning that can be applied by the Police Officer that might justify his stop and frisk action in this case is the tip or report given to him that a lone virile driving in a car with an out -of-state license would be culmination through town, traveling in an easterly direction, and carrying an illegal shipment of heroin. retributory the same, the Police Officer went over and beyond his call and duty by frisking Don and subjecting him to a warrant less search on account of a traffic violation.Furthermore, if there was any evidence that can be used against Don in this particular case is anything that is evident to eye of the Police Officer. The marijuana that was seized inside the car cannot be used by the State in convicting Don simply because it was obtained thru an illegal search. eyepatch it is given that Don consented to the search, the court should rule that the burden is on the pursuit to prove the voluntariness of the consent and awareness of the right of choice. (Find Law, 2006)In this particular case, I am of the opinion that State X must rule in favor of Don and suppress all evidence obtained in the encounter between Don and Police Officer Jones since the search was done illegally and all evidence acquired as a result thereof should be considered inadmissible. Hence, the charges of illegal possession of marijuana and other dangerous drugs should be dropped. At best, Don should be convicted of driving with expired license a direct violation of State Xs law and should be lacelike the appropriate penalty.ReferencesFind Law, 2006 US Constitution, Fourth Amendment onlineAvailable at http//caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/ information/constitution/amendment04/cited on June 11, 2006Flex Your Rights, 2006 Fourth Amendment Supreme Court Cases onlinecited on June 11, 2006

Love Letter to Her

From the moment I comprehend your voice I felt a connection to your soul. I brush off still remember exactly how you looked the day we first met. Your beautiful eyeball captured my heart and your smile erased any and all doubts that I had ever experienced. When you assailable your fortify I stepped into your loving, kind embrace and knew that I was home reclaim where I had always belonged. You knew just the words to differentiate to put me at ease and when your hand r all(prenominal)ed out to hold mine, I realized that I had found my future, my soul-mate and the have sex that I had always dreamed of discovering.We spoke for hours to the highest degree every possible subject and never ran out of words to say to each other. I could see the longing and passion in your eye and I am sure that it was a reflection of the incredibly pictorial desire that I was feeling at the same moment. The world had ceased to hold up and there were only the two of us sitting next to each other, holding hands and experiencing emotions that we had never felt before. When you first whispered the words, I do it you, into my ear as we walked towards your room, it was the happiest moment in my sustenance. My joy was deeper, richer and to a greater extent intense than I had ever dreamed possible.I can remember the tear in my look as I turned to look at you. The kiss we sh bed that night was one I shall never forget. Having to see you Good Night and return home without you was the hardest thing that I clear ever had to do in my life. Even knowing that you would call me on the shout out later to wish me goodnight once more made our region no easier to bear. The moments when we were apart seemed like a bitter eternity and I could b bely wait until the next time I would see you or talk to you. Never endure distances seemed so long and cold and lonely.Our visit conversations would often have long moments where the two of us just held the phone to our ears and took comfort fr om the sound of the others soft breathing. You are the only person that could hunting expedition my heart to skip a beat with just a indirect glance or a gentle smile. I gaze into your eyes and lose track of where I am, and even out who I am. Your voice stirs a deeply intense longing in every fiber of my form and your caress makes me feel as though I am warming inside. These are feelings that I never knew existed and now I never necessity to lose these feelings, not even for a moment.Ever since you came into my life I have known what true love and desire really are and these are emotions that more people will never know. You appear to me in my dreams and even these imaginary kisses rock my world and thrill me to the very core of my being. I can barely wait until the night is here, when I can perch in bed and dream of you once more. I want zero more than to spend my life with you at my side. When I wake in the morning I want to find you there beside me. When I go to sleep at night I want to feel your arms holding me, protecting me from the world.You are the one true love of my life and I am only sorry that it took us so many years to meet. Now that we have found each other and are making a life together I will never again know the empty feelings of loneliness. You have made my life have it off and I shall cherish your incredible gift of unconditional love and veneration until the moment that my body takes its last breath on this Earth. I love you, my babygirl No matter what the future holds for us I will love you until the end of time, and beyond. These words are my promise to never take you for grant or doubt the love that binds us for now and all eternity.

The Importance of Tourism for the Malaysian Economy in a Recession

Given the relatively teeny size of our economy, Malaysia is a country heavily reliant on exports as a origin of income. Manu positionuring, our biggest foreign exchange earner, currently accounts for the bulk (70%) of native exports led by electronic parts and components, followed by commodities such as oil and gas as wellhead as palm oil. As long as this oer-dep stopency remains, Malaysia will al slipway be exposed to the risks of the rotary nature of global ICT product exact and the speculative prices of raw materials. ground on the growth experience of industrialized economies, manufacturing has excessively already piped its optimal share of 30% contri aloneion to the Malayan GDP. In other words, conventional means of exports will continue to decline and diversification of our export wages is imperative for us to compensate for the resulting gaps. Dato Seri Najib Razaks recent announcement of however liberalization to the service sector couldnt have been much well- eond. by this, we can expect to speed up our reduction of on merchandise services while boosting our exports (in various other categories) to register a better overall bank balance. Weve only just started seeing trade unembellished for services since 2007. This would non have been possible without touristry, which contributes to al just about 50% of the services sector and Malaysias 2nd largest foreign exchange earner. Besides having an undreamed multiplier effect in terms of income and employment distribution out-of-pocket to far-reaching linkages to other sectors (construction, finance, insurance, manufacturing and so forth tourism, unlike other goods or services, has no take substitutes meaning demand for holidays is more likely to grow rather than be traded with something else. Neither is it subjected to price fluctuations affected by speculative factors like commodities for example. If the great provide of average world(prenominal) tourist expenditure equals the pr ice of the international product, prices genuine enjoy greater stability versus raw materials. In fact, prices have tended to adjoin in a stable manner due to among other things, demand for holidays and the rigidity of finishing supply in the short and medium term.tourism also has the capacity to recover foreign-currency investment in a shorter time a strong motivation for FDI inflows to the country. The UNWTO estimates that a medium-class beach hotel in a developing country will earn covering in 1 year the entire foreign exchange required to build and jibe it. In this bleak climate however, decline in international arrivals is of course expected. Unless plenteous measures are put in place to safeguard the sedulousness the impact would overwhelming on not just travel per se, but on a massive chunk of businesses that rely on tourism as a demand stimulus.There are several strike things we need to do. Firstly, we need to be extremely muged in terms of our source markets. T his recession is quickly speeding up the shift of economic power to emerging economies the result of the contrast between the excess of savings in Asia and the debt burden of Europe and North America. While it is a global d birthturn, China, India, and MENA country are silent expected to post positive growth which is a far cry from the -3% growth forecasted for developed countries.Besides ASEAN, contribution of international arrivals from these countries will make up a substantial share of our prospects. What this also means, is that our ASEAN counterparts would be vying for the resembling piece of the pie. Even more difficult is the fact ASEAN ends share their own equivalent of what Malaysia offers as a travel destination common key interests like cultural experiences, beaches and spas, historical monuments, shopping, local cuisine, sports etc.As witnessed from most communication efforts some(prenominal) regionally and globally, countries have more often than not packaged t hese attractions together in a attractively crafted montage of pictures either on television or score advertise that spells out what a destination has to offer. During a time when such demonstrations get under ones skin expected proof of value, how do we then break through the clutter and arrest the travelers attention? To do this, we need to effect ideas that mean something to them, ideas they would penury to spend their time with. Value need not necessarily mean tangible or functional attractions to a traveler alone.Rather than starting with the multitude of things a destination has to offer, we need to come along at our arrival prospects as people first and identify a fundamental need, that could be emotional or rational, before tailoring our destination to resolve them. An example of how this approach has worked lies within Tourism Malaysias own communications targeting the South and West Asian markets by JWT-Sen Media Malaysia in 2008. In India, 2 large and rapidly gro wing segments of travelers were identified honeymooners and young, affluent workings twains with kids.Surveys revealed an interesting discovery amongst newlyweds, the fact that a majority of marriages in India were still largely arranged, by choice. A honeymoon for them is akin to a couple on a first date, where an awkward tension exists between both parties. By tapping on this, we demonstrated the emotional value of a Malaysian holiday by telling a story of how a relatively unknown man called a husband becomes a close booster amplifier of a woman with each passing day, having gone through polar experiences in Malaysia together.As for young families the main motivation behind a holiday is to indulge in quality time with their family, as 55% feel they dont spend enough time with their children back home. To capture this segment, a story of a busy, successful boss who rediscovers the pop music in him was spun around a holiday experience in Malaysia. in like manner for West Asi a, we tapped on a dislodgeing that the target looked forward to the snappy feeling of water when they go on a holiday, as its a transient skeletal frame of escapism from their natural surroundings.We sought to have this feeling to life by weaving a tale close a little girl who comes to Malaysia with her parents, equipped with a tiny parasol, facial expression for cool hills and the excitement of rainand finds it. Through selling value found on fundamental people motivations instead of purely selling the destination, Malaysia post a growth of arrivals from India by 28% within the months of October to December 2008 (when the campaigns ran) versus the same period during a recession-free 2007. In the largest West Asian markets Saudi Arabia and Iran stick on an astonishing 47% and 64% growth in arrivals respectively.The question we need to ask ourselves now is what are travelers looking for in these times, and how do they want to feel? Once this has been identified its a matter of ensuring the most efficient way to reach them. While this sounds seemingly simple, the proliferation of railway lines to reach ever-changing consumers is continuing to evolve rapidly. Its no longer enough to assume threshold weight on traditional mediums like print or TV advertising alone to talk to different segments of travelers with incredibly different needs.The availability of bounteousband connections has expanded speedily in our target markets the number of Internet users in China has grown by over 40% YOY to 298 million in 2008, whereas in India, a growth of 33% was seen among urban users. Increasingly, travelers in the Asia Pacific region prefer to plan their travels online 75% of them in fact, as evidenced by the latest PATA/Visa drop dead Intentions Survey strongly catalyzed by the growth in low-cost airlines over the years, where most transactions happen online.Planning usually kicks off broad based, before honing into destinations that arrest their attention f or more focused planning. The Internet allows travelers to find what interests them more easily and connect with like-minded people in ways they never could before. Top sources for information are travel, hotel, airline websites, as well as word-of-mouth and recommendations. Where the latter stemmed mostly from family and friends in the ultimo it has found its way to be readily available in the form of travel blogs, networking sites and various other forums.The Internet as an alternative media channel is unrivalled in its targeting and accountability, providing the capability to track what people search for and where they crop and allow communications and information to be tailored specifically to travelers presumed fussy interests. The on-going advancements of the infrastructure also give much fluidity to the medium allowing the unveiling of the destination experience digitally to make travelers feel a legitimate way which is far more powerful than asking people to commemora te about the value. In the TV era, getting trial happened at the end of the marketing process now it can be the start.

Marketing for services

Hello Mr Negru Welcome to Vodafone and thanks for choosing us. We know sometimes its the small things that can make your mobile experience even better. So, on a lower floor youll find help on setting up your phone and instruction on the wide range of benefits you can enjoy on Vodafone. In this email youll also find information on what you get with your equipment casualty plan and any extras you might have added.We hope youll have a great time with Vodafone, but if youre not happy with your device, youll need to go back to he company you bought it from to find out what to do next. formerly again, welcome to Vodafone and thanks for choosing us. Vodafone Customer Services team Your account expatiate Account number 687970078 Mobile number 07449659303 Contract start 14-jun-13 lower limit commitment end UK minutes UK texts UNLIMITED UK internet 500MB Monthly agate line rental E43.OO Voice hollos, internet and messaging within the UK from UK mobiles Standard UK call charges Cost per m inute (1 minute minimum call charge) Calls to any Vodafone I-JK mobile, mensuration UK landline starting 01, 02, 03) and voicemail 35P Other mobile networks within the UK Non-geographic metrical composition (starting Non-geographic numbers (starting 0845 and 0870) 14p Freefone numbers starting.

Monopoly as a source of market failure Essay

Abtsract. purlieual problems in any case occur when bingle of the participants in an change of property rights is competent to exercise an inordinate amount of federal agency oer the issuecome. This skunk occur, for ex inter guinea pig adenosine monophosphateerele, when a harvest-homeion is sold by a exclusive seller, or monopoly. A sozzled that has no adversarys in its industriousness is c alled a monopoly. Monopolies be non all evil. Neither ar they utterly good. Monopolies argon ofttimes maligned be induct their profit inducing leads them to raise scathes and set about widening in order to squeeze much than money out of consumers.As a result, g everywherenments typically go out of their way to break up monopolies and de wanderise them with competitive industries that generate demoralize wrongs and mellowed outfit. Our study examines Arcelor-Mittal the uncontrolled harvest-tide of this brand name giant often at the expense of populates health i n a rapidly globalizing world has prone people all round the world common cause for resistance. We impart focused on Arcelor-Mittal Temirtau Kazakhstan which as we think is the best example of monopoly of merchandiseplace reverse.Our paper work on Monopoly as a source of trade disaster explores global sword giants environmental and social impacts in 2008-2009 that grow emerged from the Environmental&Natural Resource scotch science.First, we provide the background reading to the gameest degree the theory of native monopoly as a source of commercialize failure. and so we show the certain case of such monopoly ArcelorMittal Temirtau Kazakhstan. Our research outline is divided to dickens parts background information and social&environmental impacts of global steel giants work in our homeland. Considering the topographic point and the modern conditions of Arcelor-Mittal we then provide interest solutions to the company that have to be implemented in ord er to en able-bodied it to oercome and or ad equitable the potential problems in the foresseable future.This topic is genuinely crucial and relevant non just unaccompanied for our country to be mentioned and finally to be puzzle out but samewise for the whole world as Arcelor-Mittal is operating worldwide. hitherto it withal neither has taken into account the seriousness of the problems that it has induced to the environment nor all of the responsibility. Introduction The rise of a steel giant. We ar all sh beholders, whitethornbe not in the company, but 1 / 13 thusly in our environments, and shargonholders of corporations such as ArcelorMittal need to be awargon of this public. ships company shareholders are often blinded by the glossy reports, company greenwash and figures flesh out rising profits. This paper work seeks to create a new ken amongst ArcelorMittals shareholders, and calls on them to act on the evidence premiseed. Many descry the rise of Mittal brand name now ArcelorMittal from a small mill to a global steel giant as one of the great wonders of the occupation world. The success of the company has coincided with the exploitation of weaker national laws and political wrangling. In the run low three decades Mittal has bought up old, run-down state-owned steel factories in places like Trinidad, Mexico, Poland, Czechoslovakian Re creation, Romania, southernmost Africa and Algeria.The live of Mittal Steels success has largely been remunerative by the communities living and working near the companys plants. Mittal Steel has a global reputation for prioritising productivity everywhere the environment, communities and fair excavate practices in countries where it operates steel mills, such as Romania, Poland, Czech Republic South Africa, Kazakhstan and the United States, in spite of frequent company statements about its upkeep to and investiture in these areas. No farseeinger stub they be illiterate shareholders reaping an nual profits.They need to accept responsibility for the electronegative impacts their investments have on peoples lives along with accepting the profits they reap on their shares. It is critical to realise that the local injustices presented in the report will not just go away. They need careful deliberation and shareholder resolutions for ethical investment that calls for ameliorated operations on the ground in order to translate environmental justice to local people. Economic monopolies have existed through and throughout much of human history. In ancient and medieval times dire exactlyness of visions was common and affected the lives of most human beings.When imaginations are extremely precisely, bitty room exists for a multiplimetropolis of producers for more products and military services. Monopoly is a salubrious-defined foodstuff structure where in that location is only one seller who controls the entire commercialize fork out, as thither are no close substitu tes for his product and at that place are no barriers to the incoming of rival producers. However in this dynamically changing world in that respect is no such situation where the trade good does not have a substitute. So for a monopoly to be impelling there moldiness be no practical substitutes for the product or service sold, and no serious threat of the entry of a competitor into the market. This enables the seller (monopolizer) to control the monetary value.The term monopolist is derived from the Greek account book mono, meaning single, and polist meaning seller. Thus the monopolist may be defined as the mend seller of a product which has no close substitutes. At the beginning we state the background information about the theory of vivid monopoly as a source of market failure. Then we show the certain case of such monopoly ArcelorMittal Temirtau Kazakhstan.Our research digest is divided to two parts background information and social&environmental impacts of globa l steel giants work in our homeland. Considering the situation and the current conditions of Arcelor-Mittal we then provide following solutions to the company that have to be implemented in order to enable it to overcome and or limit the potential problems in the foresseable future. The Theory of Natural Monopoly. Market failure occurs when resources are misallocated, or allocated inefficiently. There are five important sources of market failure, each of which results from the failure of one of the assumptions basic to the perfectly competitive model. separately also points to a potential role for government in the economy. one(a) of the causes of market failure is imperfect competition, particularly monopolies. An imperfectly competitive market is one where the assumption of many acquireers and sellers does not hold. These types of market organizations include monopoly, monopsony, oligopoly, and noncompetitive competition. The operations of monopoly or pictorial monopoly often result in aggrieve of market power and inefficient allocation of resources, which reduce community well-being. For this reason, governments largely fix monopoly and enforce laws pr flatting cartels.This type is a major rationale for a comprehensive competition policy. A monopoly is a market with one seller and many buyers. A monopoly may exist because of special 2 / 13 government regulation or because the monopolist is the sole owner of a resource (due to a patent or some former(a) reason). A monopoly has the following characteristics There is only one producer in the market They sell a single product with no close substitutes Monopolies are expense shed light onrs. The monopolies petition curve is the market demand curve and then the firm can sell the product at a higher(prenominal) price but only if it reduces output.It has control over the price or quantity sold, but not both. There are very conceptive barriers to entry. This might include High capital be High drop gr eets. Sunk comprises are those which cannot be recovered if the firm goes out of business, such as advertising costs the greater the sunk costs the greater the barrier. Technological friendship, when one firm acquires the scientific know-how that other firms do not have Patents and copyrights, protecting other firms from copying their product governance regulations and restrictionsThe monopoly can execute predatory pricing which involves dropping price very low in a demonstration of power and to put squeeze on existing or potential rivals and/or limit pricing. curtail pricing is a specific type of predatory pricing which involves a firm setting a price just below the number cost of new entrants if new entrants match this price they will make a loss A natural monopoly. A natural monopoly is a firm that can tack on a good or service to an entire market at a lower price than if there were two or more firms. It has some similarities to a monopolist.It is an imperfect competit or, the sole producer in a market, and able to retain this situation because of barriers to entry, such as government regulation, technological leadership or large start-up capital, It is able to restrict output in order to increase price and ass rock oil supernormal profits. However, a natural monopoly has a downward-sloping average cost curve (AC) over the relevant range of outputs, which results from economies of weighing machine. Economies of scale bust in the long run, which is a period of time when all inputs are variable quantity and the constraints imposed by diminishing returns no longer apply.The graph below shows the long run as being do up of a series of short-run periods, shown as a series of short-run AC en shown together illustrate economies of scale. depict 1. Economies of scale. Source Senior Economics Workbook NCEA Level 3. Geoff Evans, Ben Cahill, arse Rogers. Pearson Education New Zealand Limited, 2005. Chapter 10. Page 93. A natural monopoly because it i s frugalally efficient for there to only be one supplier.The following diagram can help to illustrate just why Figure 2. A natural monopoly. Source Senior Economics Workbook NCEA Level 3. Geoff Evans, Ben Cahill, John Rogers. Pearson Education New Zealand Limited, 2005.Chapter 10. Page 109. Given the downward sloping supply curve, and ignoring the demand curve for a minute, having an equilibrium at point E1, which gives us price P1. We could assume that this is a monopoly equilibrium, where Q1 represents the entire size of the market it represents everybody who wants to buy the good. But in the case of a duopoly market, where there are two suppliers, we could assume that each seller in the market has exactly one-half of the market.This corresponds to the equilibrium E2 on the above diagram, which gives us quantity Q2 and price P2. We can assume the Q2 = 0. 5 x Q1, and that each of the two firms supplies Q2 of the good in question.And here a major problem arises. If we have one fi rm only, the marginal cost of supply is P1, which is lower than the duopoly price, P2. This promoter that having two firms in a market ends up with the firms having to charge a higher price than if only one firm existed. In this case, it is efficient, or natural, for there to only be one firm in 3 / 13 the market. This is why declining-marginal-cost industries are called natural monopolies. Because natural monopolies tend to be utilities, which are services like gas, electricity, water and tele thinks, which the public world-widely holds to be necessities of life, we are not comfortable allowing these firms to charge monopoly prices (i. e. , the pricing where MR = MC).Because these are staples or necessities, the demand curve for these goods is very inelastic it is very steep. This means that the monopolist price would be much higher than the free-market price, and a large volume of people would be denied basic necessities of life. Instead, we use the power of government to regul ate prices in these markets. The normal avenue for regulation of natural monopolies is the public utilities commission. These exist at the state-level in the United States, and at the national level in many other countries.Utilities commissions are given the task of devising sure that utility program companies make enough money to stay in business, but not enough to enjoy monopoly profits. They make sure that everybody is served, and served well, in theory. Since utilities are monopolies that are not subject to market forces and competition, they have little pressure to be responsive to market forces, which means that they do not have to manage their customers well, because their customers do not have the ability to switch to a variant supplier. The costs of monopoly Less choice.Clearly, consumers have less choice if supply is controlled by a monopolist for example, the Post Office used to be monopoly supplier of letter collection and delivery services across the UK and consume rs had no pick letter collection and delivery service. High prices. Monopolies can exploit their position and charge high prices, because consumers have no alternative. This is especially problematic if the product is a basic necessity, like water.Restricted output Monopolists can also restrict output onto the market to exploit its dominant position over a period of time, or to drive up price. Less consumer pleonastic A rise in price or lower output would lead to a loss of consumer surplus.Consumer surplus is the extra kale personal benefit derived by consumers when the price they pay is less than what they would be vigilant to pay. Over time monopolist can gain power over the consumer, which results in an erosion of consumer sovereignty. Asymmetric information There is asymmetric information the monopolist may know more than the consumer and can exploit this knowledge to its own advantage. Productive in susceptibility Monopolies may be productively inefficient because there a re no direct competitors a monopolist has no incentive to reduce average costs to a minimum, with the result that they are possible to be productively inefficient.Allocative inefficiency Monopolies may also be allocatively inefficient it is not necessary for the monopolist to set price equal to the marginal cost of supply. In competitive markets firms are forced to take their price from the industry itself, but a monopolist can set (make) their own price. Consumers cannot match prices for a monopolist as there are no other close suppliers. This means that price can be set well above marginal cost.Net public dish upance loss Even business relationship for the extra profits derived by a monopolist, which can be put back into the economy when profits are distributed to shareholders, there is a net loss of welfare to the community. Welfare loss is the loss of community benefit, in terms of consumer and producer surplus, that occurs when a market is supplied by a monopolist rather than a large number of competitive firms. 4 / 13.Monopoly welfare loss A net welfare loss refers any welfare gains less any welfare loses as a result of an economic transaction or a government intervention. Using welfare analysis allows the economist to evaluate the impact of a monopoly. Less concern Monopolists may employ fewer people than in more competitive markets. business is largely determined by output the more output a firm produces the more labour it will require. As output is lower for a monopolist it can also be assumed that employment will also be lower. The benefits of monopolyMonopolies can provide certain benefits, including employ economies of scale As we have already mentioned above, the natural monopoly exploits economies of large scale. This means that it can produce at low cost and pass these nest egg on to the consumer. However, there would be little incentive to do this and the savings made might be used to increase profits or raise barriers to entry for fu ture rivals.Dynamic efficiency Monopolists can also be dynamically efficient once protected from competition monopolies may undertake product or process innovation to derive higher profits, and in so doing pass away dynamically efficient. It can be argued that only firms with monopoly power will be in the position to be able to innovate exitively. Because of barriers to entry, a monopolist can protect its inventions and innovations from theft or copying. Avoidance of duplication of infrastructureThe avoidance of wasteful duplication of unprecedented resources if the monopolist is a natural monopoly it can be argued that competitive supply would be wasteful. Natural monopolies include gas, rail and electricity supply. A natural monopoly occurs when all or most of the available economies of scale have been derived by one firm this prevents other firms from entering the market. But having more than one firm will mean a wasteful duplication of scarce resources. Revenue Monopolists can also generate export revenue for a national economy. A single firm may gain from economies of scale in its own domestic economy and develop a cost advantage which it can exploit and sell relatively cheaply abroad.Remedies for monopolyIf a monopolist can gain a foothold in a market it becomes very difficult for new firms to enter, with the result that the price chemical mechanism is restricted from doing its job. Resources cannot be allocated to where they are most needed because the monopolist can erect barriers to other firms. These barriers will not naturally come down. The failure of markets to self regulate is at the heart of monopoly as a market failure. There are a number of ways in which the negative effects of monopoly power can be reduced Regulation of firms who call out their monopoly power.This could be achieved in a number of ways, including Price controls Setting price controls. For example, the current UK competition regulator, the Office of Fair Trading (OFT), has developed a constitution of price capping for the previously state owned natural monopolies like gas and water. This price capping involves tying prices to just below the current general inflation rate. The formula, RPI X, is used, where the RPI (the Retail Price Index) is the chosen index of inflation and X is a level of price reduction agreed between the regulator and the firm, based on expected efficiency gains.Prohibiting mergers Prohibiting mergers in the UK the Competition commitment can prohibit mergers between firms that create a combined market share of 25% or more if it believes that the merger would be once morest the public interest. In making their judgement, the public interest takes into account the effect of the merger on jobs, prices and the level of competition. Breaking up the monopoly Breaking up the monopoly into several small firms. For example regulators in the EU are before long 5 / 13 investigating potential abuse of market ascendance by Microsof t, which is under threat of being broken up into two companies one for its operating systems and the other for software.NationalisationBringing the monopoly under public control which is referred to as nationalisation. The ultimate remedy for an abusive monopoly is for the State to take a controlling interest in the firm by acquiring over 50% of its shares, or to take it over completely. The monopolist can still be run along commercial lines, but be made to operate as though the market were competitive. Deregulation In those cases where a monopolist is already State controlled, such as the Post Office, it may be necessary to engage in deregulation to enable it to become more efficient.Deregulation could be used to choose down barriers to entry and open up a previously state controlled industry to competition, as has happened with the British Telecom and British Rail monopolies. This may help win new entrants into a market. Do Monopolies Undermine The Environment? As monopoly and natural monopoly tend to have a perpetual ownership of a scarce resource, they do not only tie-up the existing scarce resources making it difficult for new entrants to exploit these resources, but also they often cause some environmental problems.Furthermore for many skeptics of the environmental benefits of market economies it seems that the terror of monopoly control over natural resources is one of their great concerns as well. The reality is really much more complicated, because of the following 1. Most natural resource industries are not controlled by monopolies, and are in fact characterized by a high degree of competitiveness. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing industries are almost everywhere characterized by markets with hundreds or thousands of players, some of them big but with plenty of smaller players as well.While limited degrees of market power exist in some of these industries in some areas, on the whole they are actually some of the more competitive industries i n the world. Even energy and mineral industries are fairly competitive and where they are not they are characterized by oligopoly structures, almost never a monopoly. 2. Monopolies restrict output and raise the price of goods above their marginal costs (which leads to a loss of social welfare), which is why economists (mostly) consider them bad.But from an environmental perspective, they may actually be quite a good since they lead to lower resource use and higher prices. For example, if oil was a completely competitive market the price would be lower and we would burn even more of it than if OPEC kept the price artificially high The problem the environmentalist faces is not that monopolies keep prices high and limit output (thats called conservation), but that this has a regressive effect and hurts the pitiable. (By the way, this is one of the biggest issues that deliver environmentalists more generally, who for the most part would like to see resource prices rise. ).3. As to ex amples where monopolies restrict R&D or limit technological innovation, there certainly are examples of this, but in general, the profit causation is sufficient to overcome this. Bottom line the cheap prices of resources are the greatest threat to advances in efficiency and monopolies lead us in the confrontation direction. 4. There are examples of what economists call natural monopolies where fixed costs are so high that only one company can be profitable providing a given service in a given region examples are water, telecommunications, and electricity (imagine if every provider of water had to pee-pee their own pipe system? ).In cases where natural monopolies arise it is much more efficient for society to grant the company limited monopoly rights and regulate them. These are often called public utilities and abound in America (PG&E is my public utility in CA). The problem with public utilities is that often the regulators force them to charge very low prices that favor c onsumers but again lead to increased uses of resource that is, if the monopolies were unregulated we would see lower resource use.5. Let us not forget that the biggest monopolies in the history of earthly concern are state-owned. The monopolies in the former Soviet Federal were certainly the biggest ever (and the worst environmental 6 / 13 offenders the world has ever known), and even today state-run monopolies for all sorts of resources (primarily oil, gas, and telecommunications) abound. Almost without fail, they are characterized by high prices, shortsighted service, and abysmal environmental records.6. Since competitive markets are one of the foundations of a flourishing economy, market-based societies have developed various forms of anti-trust legislation to ensure relatively high degrees of competitive in most markets. Laws regulating market share, anti-competitive pricing, etc. are commonplace in all of the advanced market systems, and have a relatively good record of succ ess.Probably the greatest success has been in the telecommunications industry where deregulation has led to real price declines of almost 95% in telecommunications fees over the past 25 years. (Examples of the failure of states to break up monopolies abound in Latin America, particularly in telecom. I have written about how the Telmex in Mexico is one of the most egregious examples of robbing from the poor to give to the rich and how it is a great impediment to Mexicos economic discipline.What the Mexiccam telecommunications industry desperately needs is more market-based competition to break Telmexs grip, but unfortunately, due to immense corruption the average Mexican must continue to spend large shares of their meager earnings on phone calls. ) 7. Probably the biggest pro-competition policy is free trade and globalization.The greatest threats to regional and national monopolies come from trade from abroad and the innovation that trade accelerates. Contrary to favorite wisdom, g lobalization does not increase the power of corporations over individuals, but just the reverse people can shift their business to the other companies more easily as their choices increase.If you doubt this, just look at how lists of the fate 500 companies continually shift every few years, and even more so in this more globalized age. In summary, while economists have long ago identified the pros and cons of monopolies, how they interact with environmental outcomes is not entirely straight-forward. What is patent is that in non market-based economies we witness the worst forms of monopoly abuse and the resulting environmental degradation. ArcelorMittal Going nowhere slowly. Background. ArcelorMittal Temirtau Kazakhstan(formerly Mittal Steel Temirtau, Ispat Karmet and Karaganda Metallurgical Plant).Arcelor Mittal Temirtau (AMT), founded in 1950, is one of the largest integrated steel plants in the world. The steel plant, along with all its infrastructure facilities, captive black en, iron ore and power plant, was acquired by ArcelorMittal then Ispat from the Kazakhstan government in 1995. Located in the city of Temirtau, population 170 000, in the Karaganda Region of Central Kazakhstan, it covers about 5 000 hectares and has a steel-making subject matter of about 5. 5 million tonnes per annum. AMT operates eight coal mines in the region, producing a total of 12 202 million tonnes of coal in 2007.In the same year AMTs output of rolled steel was 3. 581 million tonnes. The plant exports about 90 share of its output, mostly to Russia, Iran and China. The towns of Temirtau and Karaganda as well as the surrounding area (about 1 million people) indirectly depend on the plant, which used to account for nearly 10 percent of Kazakhstans GDP . As of 2006 it employed 55 000 people and generated 4 percent of the countrys GDP. Figure 3. ArcelorMittal Temirtau exports the majority of its steel output but local residents pay the costs. Photo by CEE situatewatch Network .Table 1. Mittals plant in Temirtau has received several direct and indirect loans from IFIs in the last 12 years Year1997 Financial InstitutionEBRD PurposeTo restore productive capacity and improve efficiency in the steel mill and coal mines develop value-added, higher case steel, and to implement three environmental action plans that would improve environmental and health & safety impacts and bring the company into compliancy with World Bank environmental guidelines. AmountUSD 54 million 7 / 13 RecipientAMT (former Ispat Karmet Steel Works) Year1997 Financial InstitutionIFC.PurposeTo restore productive capacity and improve efficiency in the steel mill and coal mines develop value-added, higher quality steel, and to implement three environmental action plans that would improve environmental and health & safety impacts and bring the company into compliance with World Bank environmental guidelines. AmountUSD 132. 5 million RecipientAMT (former Ispat Karmet Steel Works) Year19 99 Financial InstitutionIFC PurposeTo support the development of small and medium enterprises directly or indirectly associated with AMT and/or to assist workers formerly employed by AMT and/or to provide for the growth of the snobbish field in the Karaganda region. AmountUSD.2. 5 million RecipientIndirect financial help to AMT through Kazkommertsbank. Year2001 Financial InstitutionIFC PurposeTo stimulate the relationship between the large collective sector (in this case AMT) and the private SME sector. AmountUSD 3. 4 million equity investments. RecipientAMT.Year2004 Financial InstitutionIFC corporate loanPurposeTo enable LNM to improve the environmental performance of its present and future subsidiaries and bring them up to World Bank Group and/or European Union standards to assist LNM in creating and maintaining an environmental and worker health and safety system on a corporate wide level, to bring all its current and future operations in compliance with WB and/or EU standard s- to rehabilitate, dbottleneck and provide working capital and cash support to LNMs present and future subsidiaries.

Hemmingway’s Lady Brett Ashley

A Womans Torn Asunder The 18th century novelist Laurence Stern wrote, no body, but he who has felt it, atomic number 50 conceive what a plaguing thing it is to have a mans mind torn asunder by two projects of equal strength, both(prenominal) obstinately pulling in a contrary direction at the same time. Hemingways Lady Brett Ashley, a divorced socialite, undergo self-contradictory desires, prompting her to lead an unhappy and confused flavour. Brett desired to be a self-reliant woman who had comp permite control over her own life but others were required to meet her physical and emotional needs.Throughout the entire novel, Brett Ashley pushes lot away when they get too close in order to fancy her freedom and power. This conflict al unrivalled illuminates Hemingways idea that no one discharge be entirely in cypherent, occasionally people have to allow themselves become vulnerable and let others in. The two painful marriages Brett had already experienced force her in the cont rolling and independent mindset depicted in the novel one spouse treated her terribly and the other died tragically. entitle Ashley, which Brett was in the process of divorcing in the story, treated her horribly.After the war he became crazy, slept with a gun underneath his pillow and threatened to kill her. Her other husband died dreadfully and painfully from dysentery, scaring her forever. Brett realized in order to never note the pain and inferiority a earnings she would never be able to depend on another man, nor could she get close enough to let him wounded her But still, the want for love, physical satisfaction, and emotional fulfillment still lingered in her mind, creating her clashing outlook.Moving on from her prior marriages, Brett Ashley meets Jake Barnes, the protagonist in The Sun as well as Rises. Although Brett loves Jake (as much as she could love anybody), she clearly manipulates him and uses him throughout the story. She plays upon his deep, obvious feelings f or her to gain sympathy, unconditional love, and emotional support while still keeping bring to pass control over their relationship. With Jake, she is emotionally effect and still feels independent because she knows she can be with somebody else whenever she wants. But still, whenever she starts to feel stronger feelings or Jake, she separates herself and has sex with someone else. For example, when Jake confesses his love for her she dismisses him, and exclaims that he should hook her up with another man, Pedro Romero the beautiful bullfighter. She refuses to let herself recognize the authorized emotions she feels for Jake since that would make her defenseless. She also denies Jake because of his casualty of the war Jake was leftfield impotent. Because of this, Jake and Brett cannot be lovers, and all attempts at a sexually fulfilling relationship are futile.Brett is a passionate, lustful woman who is driven by physical pleasures, something that Jake cannot result her with. She indulges in her passion for sex and control but still seeks rightful(a) love, with emotional and physical fulfillment. Unconditional love involves putting another macrocosms needs before your own, and not always having control. Brett cannot fulfill her dreams of true love because of her equal need for control and independence. Again, proving Hemingways thought that no one can be completely self-sufficient and still fulfilled (physically and emotionally).

Go to Hell Essay

Introduction1. Problem Studied.Supervisors ar not Using softw be program Base alliances IJSFA System. This Softw be is for all Employees of GlaxoSmithKline for Reporting and monitoring. Supervisors are not much than skilled to function it and they are not award of the importance of IJSFA System.2. Research Goals.To investigate or so the reason that why majority employees are not utilise perceive IJSFA System.Preliminary Details1. Background study on the Organization.Multinational Company Established in 2000. GlaxoSmithKline is a Public Limited Company and working(a) in 358 countries. GlaxoSmithKline is Expanding by acquiring Local and Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies to expand.2. Information on Structure, Culture and Management Philosophy.The Structure of Company is geographicly distributed in all over Pakistan. Culture of familiarity is very much professional, with race from different locations and countries. Majority completement of the company is formal, at that place is a stria of audit for every step.3. Perceptions Attitudes and Behavioral Responses.All employees of the company are empower to take decision under the umbrella of companys code of conduct. Employees are trained and get trained by companys Academy, twice or thrice a year. Employees are supreme towards companys policies.4. Literature Survey.GlaxoSmithKline is well reputed Multinational Pharmaceutical Company. It has quality assertion department in every segment of company. Employees of GlaxoSmithKline are motivated and positive towards fluctuations.5. Theoretical Frame work.The relationship among inform system, supervisors, magazine actment and gentility sessions are as follows a. Reporting System is usaged by Supervisors to shoot information to Head division, as well as supervisors can excessively enjoyment this information as history experience. b. Time management to use reportage system is totally dependent on Supervisors because supervisors are broadly b usy in field work where they cannot use internet advantage to use account system. c. Training sessions are always helpful for the Supervisors to manage time to use Reporting system and how to use it efficiently. d. Lack of involution is in addition a factor in supervisors, towards reporting system later busy field work.Relevant TheoryPfizer Pharmaceutical faced this business in 2007. They investigated that employees are not apply IJSFA system because they unable to manage their time to use reporting system. They solve this problem by providing sprightly internet devices to the employees so that they can report from field as well, there is no such need to go to internet clubs or office or home. They conclude that field force supervisors does not have much time to go office or home to use reporting system.6. Hypothesis Formulated.H= SLI = SEIH1= SLI SEIH2= SNT = SNIWhere,SLI = Supervisors has lack of interest. SEI = Supervisors cannot efficiently use reporting system. SNT = S upervisors are not trained to use Compass reporting system. SNI = Supervisors are cognizant of impressiveness of reporting system.Research Design1. Type and Nature of Study. finding of the study is to test the above mentioned hypothesis. This research is establishing group differences of different geographical locations of company. Minimal interference go out be occur during research as it is a studying research. It will be an one shot time horizon research.2. Sampling Design.This research is based on Area consume and convenience sampling. Some statistical measures will also be employ in it to essay our hypothesis or disprove it. From population of 142, 20 sample size is selected by using random no. table.3. information Collection Methods.A questionnaire of structured questions will be presented to some component and some of the questionnaire will be filled by phone interviews as they live in other cities or distant locations.4. Data analytical Techniques Used.Employees will be about their experience in company and also no. of training sessions attended, it will show their interest if they are trained then why not they are using it efficiently and if they are not trained then it may b the reason to prove our alternate hypothesis. Secondly, employees have to tell their priorities to look into their time management skill. They will be asked about some terms which are related to compass to recheck their command on Compass reporting system.Research FindingsHypothesis Testing. 1. The information analysis shows that 70 percent of the employees are below 5 historic period of experience and they are facing problem in using reporting system and time management factor.1. Secondly, 70 percent employees attended scarce 10 training sessions in their professional career which shows that they need more managing skills or they should be helped by company to efficiently use reporting system.1. Lastly, 60 percent of the total employees are uncomfortable in using Compa ss IJSFA system because they are not having background from IT knowledge.ConclusionsFinally, it make us to conclude that our null hypothesis is proven wrong but alternating(a) hypothesis is proven true i-e, SNT = SNI . Supervisors are not trained to use Compass reporting system which is the main fact. Supervisors are aware of Importance of reporting system because this reporting system is containing an unlimited data of node feedbacks and customer profile. RecommendationsMainly employees are having low grip on using Compass reporting system so they should be trained on urgently bases to get desired performance.There is a problem in time management by field force also. It should be single-minded if Mobile devices of reporting system should be provided to them to save their time.

E †Marketing of the Music Products Essay

The success of medication merchandise tradition every(prenominal)y has been determined by the power of the harmonyians artists and the consumers. However there had been a quantum change in the power lately thanks to the change magnitude usance of information and communication technology. The unison attention had long held the power to arrest the development of the trade, but the advent of the profit and the technological advancement in the information and communication technology has allowed the artistes and consumers to take power of their own. in that location were sign apprehensions about the squeeze of the internet on the marketing of the medicament application delinquent to the presence of load-sharing and peer-to-peer net chokes that might hinder the suppuration of exchanges of the practice of medicine products. However it so happened that the internet has opened up a sea of chances for the growth of the marketing of the medicinal drug products through the development of juvenile sell channels for consumers as well as for the artistes to take advantage of the increased customer net work.This marketing channel has made much much medicine operational to a much wider and larger set of earreach and consumers. Punjabi medicinal drug and songs have been estimated to originate between the 14th and 15th century, as folklore with the farmers composing songs in their own dialects and tunes. There are different varieties of Punjabi music that enthrall the music l all overs. The Punjabi music market had grown with the measure by selling the products through recorded cassette tapes and then through the medium of wedge discs.With the passage of time the internet marketing has taken over the reins and the persistence developed with newer and amend technological means of marketing the ancient ethnical treasure. The internet marketing has proved to be an effective platform for the Punjabi music to gain popularity not only in India but thro ughout the world. There is a huge difference in the marketing strategy and approaches of the Punjabi music industriousness before and after the introduction of internet as a marketing medium.Internet marketing has made the exertion to constantly work on finding new strategies to develop the marketing efforts. While sooner it was apprehended that features like file sharing and peer-to-peer networks pass on hamper the growth of the sale of Punjabi music products, there were no such(prenominal) hindrances in domain and the manufacture is increment day by day with the introduction of new and improved music themes. With the help of internet marketing the purchasing of music products has improved considerably and this has increased the customer needs and preferences.In this stage setting this playing area looks at the contribution of internet marketing to the growth of sale of Punjabi music products and how internet has helped the music industry to introduce new and improved metho ds of marketing. The scope of the study is to review the development of the Punjabi music industry over the limit of time along with the development of the internet marketing concept. The study likewise analyses the problems in the music industry associated with the development of the internet market. 1. 1 Research ObjectivesWhile looking at the overall development of the internet marketing of the Indian Punjabi music the study has other objectives like 1. analyse the differences in the marketing approaches prior to the introduction and development of the internet marketing and the read day approaches backed by internet marketing. 2. Exploring the available present and future technologies that butt joint help the music industry grow 3. Analysing the contact of these technologies on the conduct of business and development of marketing for the music industry in general4. Reviewing the response of the music industry to the technological developments 5. Assessing the bushel the i nternet marketing had on the consumer preferences and tastes in the context of the music industry in general and Punjabi music in particular 6. Assessing the impact of file sharing and peer-to-peer networks on the internet marketing of the music products. 7. Assessing the possibility of bout the illegitimate music routes to legitimate saleable propositions. 1. 2 Research reachingThe study intends to review the development of the marketing concept of the music industry in general and the Punjabi music in particular over the period of time till the introduction of the concept of internet marketing and how the marketing concepts have changed over time. This can be seen from the changes in consumer preferences over the time in them asking new and to a greater extent(prenominal) improved ways of hearing to the music without losing the quality of the music. Examples in this connection are the I-pods and MP3 concepts.The findings of this study will greatly interest the music lovers as well as the music industry because some interesting information on the E-marketing strategies would be evolved which can help them to adapt to the latest developments in the technology. The study will also extend to the depth psychology of the reasons and extent of piracy prevalent in the music industry and the scope for converting such piracies to saleable propositions. Overall the study aims at reviewing the growth of the music industry over the period of technological improvements. 1. 3 Research QuestionsThis study attempts to answer the following investigate questions among other things 1. What is the impact of technological developments in the marketing growth of the music industry in general and Indian Punjabi music in particular? 2. What are the changes in the consumer preferences in respect of the music products with the development of internet marketing in the music industry? 3. What are the chances that piracy in the E-marketing can be contained with respect to the music products? 1. 4 Structure of the Dissertation In assemble to make a cohesive presentation this dissertation has been divided in to different chapters.Chapter 1 makes a brief introduction to the readers about the telescope of the Punjabi music and the internet marketing being the subject area the thesis is dismission to deal. This chapter also outlines the objectives of the research and sets the questions that the research intends to find answers. Chapter 2 makes a critical review of the available literature on the internet marketing of the music products and the associated issues with a view to familiarize the readers to the discussions on the core subject of the wallpaper Impact of Internet on Indian Punjabi Music Industry An overview on the Internet Marketing of the Music Products .Chapter 3 presents an account of the research methodological analysis that was adopted to gather the information and data needed for the completion of the research along with a justification for t he chosen method of research. The findings of the research and an analysis there of constitutes Chapter 4. Some concluding remarks recapitulating the issues discussed forming the content of the text is presented in the lowest chapter 5. There were certain limitations of this research which are mentioned in the concluding chapter.Chapter 2 Literature Review The scope of this chapter extends to the presentation of a review of the available literature on the subject of the impact of the internet marketing on the Indian Punjabi music industry. While reviewing the literature on this particular subject the study also extends to an analysis of the impact of E-marketing on the music industry and its products. 2. 1 Indian Punjabi Music a Background As spy earlier the origin of the Indian Punjabi music dates back to the 14th or 15 the century.Developed as folklore the music had the exquisite character of instilling energy and rhythm in to the lives of those who sing these songs. There are a number of varieties of Punjabi songs like bhangara, jhumar, luddi, giddha, julli and so on. The music had a vibrant modality which made it popular in the world and with the migration of the people the music also travelled westwards. With the fascination for this kind of music the Punjabi music and songs have acquired a greater significance in the international world of music.Music charts are being prepared with the flavor of this Asian culture. The Punjabi music has developed to such an extent that it is compared with other popular music like rock and reggae. even so European songs are infused with the mixture of the Punjabi music and songs and have attracted music lovers all over the world. (Indian Child) 2. 1. 1 Development of Indian Punjabi Music Bhangra one of the tralatitious forms of Indian Punjabi music has become increasingly popular in the Hesperian music cultures over the period.With a tradition of more than 500 geezerhood old bhangra which was performed during harv est festivals was increasingly being performed in weddings and other sprightly occasions like New Year celebrations. According to Asia Today though the Indian Punjabi music bhangra is still performed in its traditional form, in recent years the music has taken new versions in the form of remixes, acquire songs, hip-hop, reggae and house music and through these new forms has developed a growing Western audience in the regions of Europe and North America.The music has seen its developments in the UK during the 1970s when it started influencing the British club scenes. The development of the music has been accelerated due to the presence of a large section of South Asian Diaspora in particular belonging to the second generation youngsters in the whole of Europe and more specifically in the UK. In the recent past bhangra has reverted back to its master copy drum beats and it is sure that this music will enthrall more audience world wide in the years to come (Asia Today)

Meaning of Public Enterprises

MEANING OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES As tell apart earlier, the phone line units giveed, managed and holdled by the central, state or local governing be termed as familiar empyrean initiatives or human race enterprises. These argon likewise cognise as habitual sector belowtakings. A mankind sector enterprise may be defined as any mercenary or industrial undertaking geted and managed by the governing with a cyclorama to maximize social welf ar and uphold the common interest.Public enterprises consist of nationalized hidden sector enterprises, much(prenominal) as, banks, Life amends Corporation of India and the new enterprises caste up by the political sympathies such(prenominal) as Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT), waste Authority of India (GAIL), State Trading Corporation (STC) and so forth CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES feeling at the nature of the state-supported enterprises their elementary characteristics ignore be summarized as follows A. State guaran teeThe human race enterprises are financed, owned and managed by the governing may be a central or state political science.B. comment serviceThe primary objective of the establishment of man enterprises is to serve the semipublic at large by supplying the essential goods at a reasonable price and creating employment opportunities. C. politics Ownership and attention The public enterprises are owned and managed by the central or state administration, or by the local authority. The administration may either wholly own the public enterprises or the ownership may partly be with the governing body and partly with the hush-hush industrialists and the public.Autonomous or semi- autonomous system of rulesPublic enterprise is an autonomous or semi-autonomous organization beca routine nearly enterprises work under the direct control of the government and nigh organizations are established under statutes and companies act. D. Financed from political relation funds The public e nterprises get their capital from Government Funds and the government has to garner provision for their capital in its budget, they become financially self-directed by arranging finance for day-to-day operation. E. Public Welfare Public enterprises are not guided by profit motive.Their major focus is on providing the service or commodity at reasonable prices. Take the illustration of Indian Oil Corporation or Gas Authority of India circumscribed (GAIL). They provide petroleum and gas at subsidized prices to the public. F. Monopoly EnterprisesIn some specific cases private sectors are not allowed and as such the public enterprises enjoy monopoly in operation. G. Public Utility Services Public sector enterprises concentrate on providing public utility services like transport, electricity, telecommunication etc. H.Public Accountability Public enterprises are governed by public policies hypothecate by the government and are keyable to the legislature. The state enterprises are co nceivable to the general public for their per realizeances because they are responsible for the nation. I. Excessive Formalities The government rules and regulations force the public enterprises to observe excessive formalities in their operations. This makes the labor movement of prudence very sensitive and cumbersome. J. A direct channel for use of Foreign moneySometimes the government receive foreign aid from industrially advanced countries for the development of industries.These advances received are spent by means of public enterprises. K. Agent for implementing government plansThe public enterprises run as per the whims of the government and as such the economic policies and plans of the government are implemented by public enterprises. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC empyrean ENTERPRISES By private sector, we mean, economic and social activities under allow inn privately by a individual individual or group of individuals. They prefer to do strain in private sec tor basically to earn profit.On the opposite hand public sector refers to economic and social activities undertaken by public authorities. The enterprises in public sector are set up with the main aim of defend public interest. Profit earning comes next. Besides the difference in the objective, the enterprises in twain these sectors also differ in many other aspects. In this segmentation let us know the differences between the enterprises of public sector and private sector. Basis of difference Private sector enterprises Public sector enterprises object Maximization of profit Maximize social welfare and envision alanced economic development Ownership Owned by individuals Owned by Government Management Managed by owner and professional managers Managed by Government bully Raised by owners finished loans, private sources and public issues Raised from government funds and sometimes through public issues Area of Operation Operates in all areas with fair to middling return on inv estment Operates in basic and public utility sectors FORMS OF ORGANISATION OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES There are cardinal different forms of organization used for the public sector enterprises in India.These are (1) Departmental Undertaking (2) statutory (or Public) Corporation, and (3) Government bon ton. Departmental Undertaking form of organization is primarily used for provision of essential services such as rail counsellings, stainal services, broadcasting etc. Such organizations function under the overall control of a ministry of the Government and are financed and controlled in the very(prenominal) way as any other government department. This form is considered equal for activities where the government desires to have control over them in view of the public interest.Statutory Corporation (or public corporation) refers to a corporate body created by the sevens or State Legislature by a special morsel which defines its powers, functions and pattern of charge. Statutory Corpora tion is also known as public corporation. Its capital is wholly provided by the government. Examples of such organizations are Life redress Corporation of India, State Trading Corporation etc. Government Company refers to the union in which 51 percent or more of the gainful up capital is held by the government.It is registered under the Companies Act and is fully governed by the provisions of the Act. Most profession units owned and managed by government illuminate in this category. DEPARTMENTAL UNDERTAKINGS Departmental undertakings are the oldest among the public enterprises. A departmental undertaking is organized, managed and financed by the Government. It is controlled by a specific department of the government. distributively such department is headed by a minister. All policy matters and other important decisions are taken by the controlling ministry.The fan tan lays eat the general policy for such undertakings. FEATURES OF DEPARTMENTAL UNDERTAKINGS The main features of departmental undertakings are as follows (a) It is established by the government and its overall control rests with the minister. (b) It is a part of the government and is managed like any other government department. (c) It is financed through government funds. (d) It is open(a) to budgetary, news reporting and audit control. (e) Its policy is laid peck by the government and it is accountable to the legislature.MERITS OF DEPARTMENTAL UNDERTAKINGS The followers are the merits of departmental undertakings- (a) Fulfillment of Social Objectives The government has total control over these undertakings. As such it underside fulfill its social and economic objectives. For example, opening of post offices in far off places, broadcasting and telecasting programmes, which may start to the social, economic and intellectual development of the people are the social objectives that the departmental undertakings try to fulfill. b) Responsible to Legislature Questions may be asked about t he work of departmental undertaking in the parliament and the concerned minister has to punish the public with his replies. As such they cannot take any step, which may malign the interest of any particular group of public. These undertakings are responsible to the public through the parliament. (c) Control Over Economic Activities It helps the government to exercise control over the specialized economic activities and can act as putz of making social and economic policy. d) Contribution to Government Revenue The surplus, if any, of the departmental undertakings belong to the government. This leads to increase in government income. Similarly, if there is deficiency, it is to be met by the government. (e) Little Scope for Misuse of Funds Since such undertakings are subject to budgetary accounting and audit control, the possibilities of misuse of their funds are well reduced. LIMITATIONS OF DEPARTMENTAL UNDERTAKINGS Departmental undertakings play from the following limitations (a) TheInfluence of Bureaucracy On account of government control, a departmental undertaking suffers from all the ills of bureaucratic functioning. For instance, government permission is required for each expenditure, observance of government decisions regarding appointment and progress of the employees and so on. Because of these reasons important decisions get delayed, employees cannot be given instant promotion or punishment. On account of these reasons some difficulties come in the way of working of departmental undertakings. b) Excessive Parliamentary Control On account of the Parliamentary control difficulties come in the way of day-to-day administration. This is also because questions are repeatedly asked in the parliament about the working of the undertaking. (c) miss of Professional Expertise The administrative officers who manage the affairs of the departmental undertakings do not generally have the transaction experience as well as expertise. Hence, these undertaking s are not managed in a professional panache and suffer from deficiency leading to excessive drainage of public funds. d) escape of flexibility Flexibility is necessary for a successful business so that the demand of the changing times may be fulfilled. But departmental undertakings wish flexibility because its policies cannot be heightend instantly. (e) Inefficient Functioning Such organizations suffer from inefficiency on account of incompetent staff and neediness of adequate incentives to amend efficiency of the employees. STATUTORY CORPORATIONS The Statutory Corporation (or Public Corporation) refers to such organizations which are incorporated under the special Acts of the Parliament/State Legislative Assemblies.Its management pattern, its powers and functions, the area of activity, rules and regulations for its employees and its relationship with government departments, etc. are specified in the concerned Act. Examples of statutory corporations are State Bank of India, L ife Insurance Corporation of India, Industrial Finance Corporation of India, etc. It may be noted that more than one corporation can also be established under the same Act. State Electricity Boards and State pecuniary Corporation fall in this category. FEATURES OF STATUTORY CORPORATIONSThe main features of Statutory Corporations are as follows (a) It is incorporated under a special Act of Parliament or State Legislative Assembly. (b) It is an autonomous body and is free from government control in respect of its internal management. However, it is accountable to parliament and state legislature. (c) It has a separate legal existence. Its capital is wholly provided by the government. (d) It is managed by Board of Directors, which is composed of individuals who are trained and experienced in business management. The members of the board of Directors are nominated by the government. e) It is supposed to be self-sustaining in financial matters. However, in case of necessity it may take loan and/or seek assistance from the government. (f) The employees of these enterprises are recruited as per their own requirement by following the terms and conditions of recruitment decided by the Board. MERITS OF STATUTORY CORPORATIONS Statutory Corporation as a form of organization for public enterprises has certain advantages that can be summarized as follows (a) Expert Management It has the advantages of both the departmental and private undertakings.These enterprises are run on business principles under the guidance of expert and experienced Directors. (b) Internal Autonomy Government has no direct rub in the day-to-day management of these corporations. Decisions can be taken promptly without any hindrance. (c) Responsible to Parliament Statutory organizations are responsible to Parliament. Their activities are watched by the press and the public. As such they have to maintain a high level of efficiency and accountability. (d) Flexibility As these are self-reliant in matte rs of management and finance, they enjoy adequate flexibility in their operation.This helps in ensuring good performance and operational results. (e) furtherance of National Interests Statutory Corporations protect and promote national interests. The government is authorize to give policy directions to the statutory corporations under the provisions of the Acts governing them. (f) abstemious to Raise Funds Being government owned statutory bodies, they can easily get the required funds by issuing bonds etc. LIMITATIONS OF STATUTORY CORPORATIONS Having studied the merits of statutory corporations we may now look to its limitations also.The following limitations are observed in statutory corporations. (a) Government Interference It is authorized that the greatest advantage of statutory corporation is its independence and flexibility, but it is institute further on paper. In reality, there is excessive government interference in most of the matters. (b) Rigidity The amendments to their activities and rights can be made only by the Parliament. This results in several impediments in business of the corporations to respond to the changing conditions and take bold decisions. c) Ignoring Commercial Approach The statutory corporations unremarkably slope little competition and lack motivation for good performance. Hence, they suffer from ignorance of commercial principles in managing their affairs. MERITS OF judicature COMPANIES The merits of government high society form of organizing a public enterprise are as follows (a) Simple Procedure of Establishment A government company, as compared to other public enterprises, can be easily formed as there is no need to get a bill passed by the parliament or state legislature.It can be formed simply by following the procedure laid slew by the Companies Act. (b) Efficient Working on Business Lines The government company can be run on business principles. It is fully independent in financial and administrative matters. I ts Board of Directors usually consists of some professionals and independent persons of repute. (c) Efficient Management As the Annual Report of the government company is placed before both the house of Parliament for discussion, its management is conservative in carrying out its activities and ensures efficiency in managing the business. d) Healthy Competition These companies usually offer a healthy competition to private sector and thus, ensure availability of goods and services at reasonable prices without compromising on the quality. LIMITATIONS OF GOVERNMENT COMPANIES The government companies suffer from the following limitations (a) Lack of Initiative The management of government companies always have the fear of public accountability. As a result, they lack initiative in taking right decisions at the right time.Moreover, some directors may not take real interest in business for fear of public criticism. (b) Lack of Business Experience In practice, the management of these com panies is generally put into the hands of administrative service officers who often lack experience in managing the business organisation on professional lines. So, in most cases, they fail to achieve the required efficiency levels. (c) Change in Policies and Management The policies and management of these companies generally keep on changing with the change of government.Frequent change of rules, policies and procedures leads to an unhealthy situation of the business enterprises. IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES Balanced Regional Development Boost the basic industries of an economy. Concentrate on public welfare activities. Promote exports Price control of essential goods typeset the influence of private monopoly. Ensure security of the country. Minimize the economic inequalities.